The influence of Gender and Alcohol Consumption Patterns on Alcohol Essay

The influence of Gender and Alcohol Consumption Patterns on Alcohol Expectancy amongst Undergraduate Students - Essay Example Its nearly impossible to study each and every single person's perceptions on the subject of alcohol prevalence rates, however, numbers and statistics are always an accurate tool for study. Many of the articles chosen to use for research include survey results, marketing opinions, college binge drinking studies, psychology related magazines and of course programs to cure alcohol related problems; such Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and social norms programs made by colleges to reduce and stop binge drinking. Fact, one in three eighteen to twenty-four year old persons admitted into emergency rooms for serious injuries are intoxicated. Fact, a twelve-ounce bottle of beer has the same amount of alcohol as a standard shot of eighty-proof liquor mixed or straight as well as a five ounce glass of wine. Fact, rates of binge drinking are increasing alarmingly. When alcohol and undergraduate students are near, they are contributing to the need for college anti-alcohol social programs, strict laws and regulations, and of course, serious and sometimes fatal injury. But, what is the major problem and why is it a problem Increasing rates of alcoholism on college campuses are creating a large number of negative consequences including long term brain damage, long term jail sentences, and extremely long term sleep; six feet under. The main contributing factors to the increasing rates of alcoholism are directly caused by ineffective laws and regulations and the superior power of manipulation from the multi-media. This paper will be divided into five sections; the first section will cover the laws and regulations made by Canadian and American governments, the second and most focused part of the paper, the marketing power of the mass media and its effects on the individual, the third section will discuss why current marketing strategies to lessen the rates of alcohol use are failing and will continue to fail, the fourth section will bring attention to many of the skewed statistics of alcohol studies and use real articles and statistics to strengthen this allegation, and the latter sections will deal with many of the internal and psychological factors that each individual faces before consumption of alcohol; here, research from psychology journals and magazines will be criticized and analyzed to make a rational an d proper conclusion of the previous discussions and arguments. Laws And Regulations Of Alcohol In most of the United States of America, patrons must be twenty-one years of age to purchase and consume alcohol, whereas in most of Canada, the age of consumption is nineteen, however, one strange fact is that at eighteen, Canadians are considered adults; that is, they are indeed permitted to vote, but not purchase or consume

Cross-Cultural Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Cross-Cultural Perspectives Essay The Coca Cola Company, the world’s largest multinational beverage manufacturer and corporation, operates bottling plants and sells its products in more than 200 countries across the globe (The Coca Cola Company, 2014). Coca Cola’s massive global presence requires the organization to understand the different cultures of its many host countries; the laws within each country; and the business norms, styles, as well as practices of each country it conducts business operations in. The company has developed and implemented numerous policies, regulations, and guidelines for its suppliers, operation management, and employees in its various host countries. But, all of this detailed undertaking to address transparencies in the corporation’s supply chains throughout the world did not stop its El Salvadoran bottling and manufacturing plant’s management from purchasing refined sugar from a mill which used child labor. According to Human Rights Watch (HRW), up to one third of the workers on El Salvador’s sugarcane plantations are under the age of 18, with many starting to work in the fields between the ages of eight and eleven (HRW, 2004). Even though, the national and international child labor authorities prohibit minors under the age of 18 from performing hazardous or harmful work, plantation owners define these young children and teenagers who work with their parents as â€Å"helpers† instead of the workers they actually are (Veracity, 2006). The above paragraph represents one of the many cross-cultural issues facing Coca Cola and the myriad of other multinational organizations interactions outside the United States. In these various host countries having your children working beside you is considered common cultural practices; it provides additional income for the family’s survival because the poor state of many of their country’s economy (such as El Salvador) allows these injustices to continue. Regardless, of why these children are working in the sugarcane fields, and the fact that Coca Cola does not actually purchase its  refined sugar directly from the plantations, the company is in direct violation of its own â€Å"Guiding Principles for Suppliers to Coca Cola Company† policy. The policy states that, â€Å"Suppliers will not use child labor as defined by local law,† but Coca Cola fails to extend this policy one step further in the supply chain to include the supplier’s supplier of raw material (Veracity, 2006). So, in the long-term means that the organization is just as socially and ethically responsible for the use of child labor as well as the harm working in the field create as the suppliers and the plantation owners. The Coca Cola formula was invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia; and the formula as well as the brand was purchased in 1889 by Asa Griggs Chandler who incorporated The Coca Cola Company in 1892 (The Coca Cola Company, 2014). Throughout its many years of operations the business always demonstrated strong market orientation; exhibited strategic decision making processes; and took actions to attract, satisfy, and retain customers. All of these positive actions have just added to company’ s advantage and profitability over competitors in the beverage industry, which is why they are number one in the world. Nevertheless, as the organization began to expand its operations into more and more host countries around the globe it has been involve with quite a number of misconduct and questionable unethical behavior. As a result, these legal and ethical problems have had an impact on the corporation’s financial performances, investor trust, and reduced its sales levels. Today’s Coca Cola Company is now engaging in an operation to rebuild its brand image and credibility, improve its sells, and reinforce its reputation by developing and implementing stronger company ethical and social responsibility throughout its entire global marketplace (The Coca Cola Company, 2014). There have been a number of events other than child labor in El Salvador where Coca Cola has been involved and held accountable in unethical behavior. In Colombia, Turkey, and Guatemala bottling plants the company has been accused of hiring paramilitary mercenaries to assassinate, torture, and coerce workers, their family members, and union leaders as they attempted to unionize to protect workers from unfair treatment and abuse by the host countries’ employers. These incidents sparked an campaign entitled, â€Å"Stop Killer Coke†, and a 2009 PBS documentary filmed by German Gutierezz and Carmen Garcia entitled, â€Å"The Coca-Cola Case†Ã‚  to reveal the company’s practices to consumers around the world (Huff, E. A., 2010). Of course, Coca Cola denied the allegations against the company and its bottling partners, where cleared of any wrong doing in the foreign courts. When the case was brought to the United States, Coca Cola fought and succeeded in having its name removed from the lawsuit (Huff, E. A., 2010). Another ethical and social responsibility issue the company encountered, actually there are two environmental issues concerning the depletion of groundwater and polluting of water in India. Coca Cola operates 52 water intensive bottling plants in India using 3.8 liters of freshwater to generate a liter of carbonated drink. While in the Southern Indian village of Plachimada in Kerala state groundwater along with loca l wells dried up forcing residents to rely on water supplies trucked in daily by the government due to persistent droughts, and the company’s bottling plants. In the rural Indian state of Uttar Pradesh where farming is the primary industry the residents have been experiencing similar conditions, only the government is not supplying enough water for the crops. As a result of the groundwater depletion situations the business is not only responsible for the loss of livelihood and hunger for the many citizens across India, but the creation of thirst. In 2003, the other issues of polluted water were discovered near the Kerala and Uttar Pradesh bottling plants. Sludge containing high levels of cadmium, lead, and chromium was given to farmers as free fertilizer to tribal farmers who lived near the plants, but the need for fresh water was overlooked by Coca Cola. As a side note, an Indian nonprofit group tested 57 carbonated beverages made by both Coca Cola and Pepsi at 25 bottling plants were found to be contaminated with between three and five different pesticides (The Corporation, 2009). Although, the organization denied creating the problems, the Indian government ordered Coca Cola to shut down one of its $25 million plants. The organization then thought long and hard about its corporate social responsibility (and lost revenue); and decided to improve their business practices in the local communities, reduced the water usage by 34%, started rainwater harvesting, and returned substantial amounts of water to depleted aquifers. They also stopped distributing sludge, joined with the Indian government to develop additional solid waste disposal sites, and began treating the water used to make soft drinks with activated carbon filtration (The Corporation, 2009). Coca Cola conducted all of these improvements to regain the trust of the local communities and the Indian government. But, my question would be, why not practice these ethical and corporate responsibility policies from the beginning? As more and more organizations are utilizing the opportunity of transitioning into multinational operations, they will have to research how business is conducted, the local laws, as well as the government policies and operation methods of every host country they wish to operate in. Then they will have to incorporate and implement all of their ethical and corporate social responsibility they employ in their home country universally throughout the entire business operation. Creating a unified culture that will adhere to a high level of business behavior in all global operations, respecting all of the local workforces’ cultures and traditions, and eliminating the use of any unethical values or behaviors from home and abroad. References Huff, E. A. (2010, May, 22). Coca Cola’s Murderous Record of Anti-Union Activity Exposed Retrieved from http://www.naturalnews.com/028844_coca-cola_html. The Coca Cola Company (2014). Retrieved from http://www.coca-colacompany.com/our-company. The Corporation (2009). Ethical Issues Concerning Coca-Cola in India. Retrieved from http://imaginecorporation.blogspot.com/ethical-issues-concerning-cocacola-in.html Veracity, D. (2006). Coca-Cola, Human Rights and Child Labor Retrieved from http://www.naturalmatters.net/article.asp?article=1301cat=219

A Catcher In The Rye - Summary :: essays research papers fc

A Catcher In The Rye - Summary The Catcher in the Rye is narrated by Holden Caulfield, a sixteen year-old boy recuperating in a rest home from a nervous breakdown, some time in 1950. Holden tells the story of his last day at a school called Pencey Prep, and of his subsequent psychological meltdown in New York City. Holden has been expelled from Pencey for academic failure, and after an unpleasant evening with his self-satisfied roommate Stradlater and their pimply next-door neighbor Ackley, he decides to leave Pencey for good and spend a few days alone in New York City before returning to his parents' Manhattan apartment. In New York, he succumbs to increasing feelings of loneliness and desperation brought on by the hypocrisy and ugliness of the adult world; he feels increasingly tormented by the memory of his younger brother Allie's death, and his life is complicated by his burgeoning sexuality. He wants to see his sister Phoebe and his old girlfriend Jane Gallagher, but instead he spends his time with Sally Haye s, a shallow socialite Holden's age, and Carl Luce, a pretentious Columbia student Holden treats as a source of sexual knowledge Increasingly lonely, Holden finally decides to sneak back to his parents' apartment to talk to Phoebe. He borrows some money from her, then goes to stay with his former English teacher, Mr. Antolini. When he believes Mr. Antolini to be making a homosexual advance toward him, Holden leaves his apartment, and spends the rest of the night on a bench in Grand Central Station. The next day Holden experiences the worst phase of his nervous breakdown. He wanders the streets, looking at children and talking to Allie. He tries to leave New York forever and hitchhike west, but when Phoebe insists on going with him he relents, agreeing to go back home to protect his sister from the ugliness of the world. He takes her to the park, and watches her ride on the merry-go-round; he suddenly feels overwhelmed by an inexplicable, intense happiness. Holden concludes his story by refusing to talk about what happened after that, but he fills in the most important details: he went home, was sent to the rest home, and will attend a new school next year. He regrets telling his story to so many people; talking about it, he says, makes him miss everyone By: Anna E-mail: Go0de2shu

Kargil War

Role of Media in Kargil Anshu Bhatia PGP2- 18012 Table of Contents Abstract2 Introduction3 Literature Review3 Discussion of the case5 Analysis and conclusion6 Bibliography7 Abstract This paper attempts at evaluating the role of media in the Kargil war, which broke out in the summer of 1999, at a time when the Indian media was equipped enough to set the media agenda as well as present the war at an unprecedented scale.As mortals, we have never seen the war situations Palestine, Kashmir, Iraq or Afghanistan but only can perceive the images seen through media reportings. Therefore, many of our perceptions are based on the realism as created by the media owners. Introduction The function of media through which they frame the news stories is called as Agenda-setting function of media. In the words of McCombs (2002), in a typical daily newspaper, over 75 percent of the potential news of the day is rejected and never transmitted to the audience (p. ). (Maxwell E. McCombs, 1993) Media (or th e press) has been said to inhere three basic roles, also called as the â€Å"three I's†. i. e. information, interpretation, and interest. (The Press – The press's many roles). The limitation of media capacity to enable its thorough surveillant function explains their selectivity. Also called as the ‘Gatekeeping theory’ in mass communications, this along with Agenda setting media theory is closely related to Theory of Framing, according to which , gatekeepers (or the edia), certain parts of an event/news are given more attention than the rest. This incomplete revelation can lead to biased opinions amongst different sections of the society, but all the three theories seem to have one point of parity- Media is empowered, has an agenda and transmits only that information which it wants to be channelized across to the public. Literature Review â€Å"Journalists will say that war is too important to be left to generals. Reporting of war is too important to be l eft to reporters.Soldiers need to get involved in this. † -Maj Gen Patrick Brady – 1990 (former Public Relations Chief of US Army) (HALI, 2000, August ) As opposed to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Kargil was the first war that witnessed an emerging technology driven media in the era of television. Indian media had experienced live war coverage and broadcast for the first time, and therefore exploited the opportunity to bring forth the war in front of the people as if it was being fought right in front of their naked eyes.With daily updates and minute detailing covered, it was also the first time for the Indian military when fearless correspondents and journalists , armed with their satellite artillery made sure they covered the Indian army’s every step towards victory to make us proud. It was rightly said after the First World War, is that â€Å"war not only creates a supply of news but a demand for it (Ajai K. Rai) .Media is definitely able to ‘sell war ’ to its consumers given that it’s targeting and coverage is able to engage its consumers, which are mostly geographically concentrated in areas related to war. Armed by legendary conflict stories with Pakistan since Partition, media enhanced the platform available during war to display Kargil at its best, with one side devoted to the coverage of acts of superordinate bravery on the patriotic Indian side, and Anti-Pakistan agenda to display an adequate palette of sellable war at Kargil. The essence of successful warfare is secrecy; the essence of successful journalism is publicity,† says the preface to the British Ministry of Defence (MoD's) instructions to Task-Force bound correspondents during the Falklands war. (Ajai K. Rai) Military on one side is a hierarchical, disciplined and a closed culture contrasting to the independent and blurred code of conduct inhering Media. The latter is believed to have vested interest with prior set of goals for the agenda setti ng.Also known as the Fourth Estate, Media acted as the Force Multiplier during the War of Kargil, where it not only helped built public awareness about the intriguing war but also played a crucial role in enhancing public morale by disseminating information about activities of the Military to their friends and families. Media, especially television media has always been debated to have shown the ‘real war’ that arguably been far away from ‘reality’.At times deviated from its root purpose of information dissemination, and masked by ‘entertainment mantras’, often the images and broadcast are televised in a manner to sensationalize the eyeballs of its viewers. During Kargil, Military on one side, was biased with the emerged Media perceptions of narrating ‘Masala-extrapolated-tales’ which according to them could harm their efforts at war. On the other hand, to set the right sellable agenda for the war, Media had to equip itself with th e right policy interventions allowed at the right war locations to make the coverage a successful live war show for its viewers.According to Bernard Cohen's conceptualization, â€Å"The press is significantly more than a purveyor of information and opinion. It may not be successful much of the time in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling its readers what to think about. † (The Press – The press's many roles) Informational dissemination role of media is always accompanied by Interpretation, often stirring public interest. It was during Kargil, that the main functional aspect of media as ‘agenda setting’ was argued in public discourses.Media in compliance with the Government played a pivotal role in determining role of media, route of communication vehicles and defined their agenda as ‘framers’ for the Kargil war’s narration to the public with immediate effect. Kargil saw the media as being harnessed as the mass channels for portraying the goodwill of the existing Vajpayee –NDA government as well as the justification of the war. Where on one side, the government made sure the agenda was rightly set to harness it for vote bank for the 13th Indian General Elections, held a few months after the KargilWar. Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s pivotal role as an anchor, a ‘de facto Head of State’ during the Kargil war helped the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) attain a majority reinstating him as Prime Minister. Media can play very important roles in War and peace making. On one hand, Media could forge bonds between conflicting nations but, Media under strict scrutiny by the Central government agencies was regulated to portray the implacability of the enemy nation at the war front with their anti-social strategies.Also, media was mobilized to gather the nation under the banner of national integrity to foster patriotism among civilians and enhance their involvement with the war, inclusive of their roles both as spectators as well as participants at war. Discussion of the case War reporters, during Kargil were portrayed as extraordinary individuals who risked their lives without any means of self defence to garner news for public information. It was observed that media reporters, Journalists, photographers and media personnel returning from Kargil LOC ceased to be mere observers but, eventually had become participants in war. It may be argued that Reporters employed operated upon a unanimously agreed agenda by print and television media, but at the same time it can also be said that they were ‘sole masters’ of decisions determining not only which news stories/or war fronts were covered in their narrations but also how were they framed for the public.Therefore, not only are the stories in media biased by society’s cultural, political and economic biases but also by individual preferences For television coverage, where Cost of news acquisition set out during Kargil by media owners was huge, the agenda setting process was impacted by their commercial considerations to a great extent. Much announced by the media to be telecasting ‘eye-witnessed real war news’, the images, video clips and narration can be debated that ‘Kargil news was never value free, form the individual reporter or media house’s point of view.The mere dilemma that whether a reporter’s news was free from his comments questions the epistemology of value-free information and its dissemination. The relationship between the Audiences and Media can be interestingly questioned on what the media perceives the Audiences desire to what the Audiences actually expect the media’s role to be. Kargil can be established as a benchmark for Indian media where, the public on one hand emanded maximum disclosure of the first televised war; on the other hand they understood the security deterrents that were attached to the sa me. The ‘Vietnam Syndrome’ till date reminds people that wars can be lost due to the total freedom and access provided to the media in their coverage of the war. (HALI, 2000, August ) The ‘right to know’ was not much demanded as a necessity by the masses given the fact that the war was being just and the national integrity and patriotic flavoured gains were much more than the price of death of Indian soldiers at the war front.Audiences expect the real war to be shown but at the same time, are also driven by their rationality to avoid extreme visuals of war casualties, involving both soldiers as well as civilians. To analyse the sheer brilliance of strategic operations by media analysts and planners during Kargil , one must take into account the efficient use of media to save India from the mangling received on the LOC as well as the snow capped peaks of Kargil.Indian media mobilized its resources as a response to the Kargil crisis and should be given credib ility for organizing programmes, handling syndication and conducting in-depth analysis and discussions on television as well as print about Kargil, helping to stir the right essence of Patriotism amongst Indians along with establishing the goodwill of Government support. The wide array of coverage was designed and channelled successfully to convince political as well as social diplomats worldwide that it was Pakistan who had caused many grievances to the Indian side.To dupe our own Indian masses, the Chanakyan principles of deceit and lies were fully utilized to their greatest advantage (Kapila, 2009) In order to support their campaign headstrong, one of the most communist decisions by the duality of Government and media was to act as a barricade by blocking Pakistani e-newspapers on the Internet, to ban PTV from the cable networks across the nation, minimize the causality broadcast of Indian soldiers but exaggerate the defeated (and dead) army of the enemy nation.Instead, internet was used a strategic weapon to market their content in such a designed way so as to strengthen the agenda setting and help spread the propaganda. An exclusive website called as www. vijayinkargil. com. Officially trained personnel to handle PR effectively controlled the content that went online, such that any truth about crafted claims regarding any victory or casualties could not be even verified. Amongst the crafted news due to the lip service of the Indian overnment along with media included falsehood spread by telecasting lies like Tiger hill,Mirage-2000 HUD displays with manipulated information on TV News Channel like BBC, CNN a and the likes. Masses were made to believe what they saw or interact with content prepared by media. In a way, it can be said that although media did not tell the masses what to think, they effectively filtered the unfavourable and designed new content such that the propaganda for Kargil success with Patriotic fervour could resonate with equal consisten cy across Indian, not only in india but worldwide. HALI, 2000, August ) The very process by which media gathered reports at source, packaged and disseminated to a wider audience was constrained by a an array of influences ranging from broadcasting protocols and standards, battlefield censorship by the Military, delusory and misleading information campaigns controlled by the central government propaganda. This created the famously known ‘Fog of war’ during the times of Kargil.Unfortunately, although Historians should occupy the front seat in drafting of information for Kargil, the ‘first cut prepared draft of history for Kargil’ prepared by the Media Journalists had so widely been discussed and consumed by the masses that it is due to this reason, that Historians had to and will continue to dislodge the contaminants that were reasons of causing the Fog of war. (Tasneem, 2011, March) Analysis and conclusion â€Å"Four hostile newspapers are more to be feared than a thousand bayonets† —Napoleon Media as a force multiplier adds tremendous impact to the war-inflicted nations.Managing people’s perceptions of the military as a dedicated, sacrificing and dutiful organization is mandatory for nay nation; especially this was followed during Kargil times. Therefore, the need to maintain close and code of confidence between media and the Military was a mandate. (Ajay K. Rai, 2004) Apart from the blood-shed and casualities, Kargil shall be remembered in history for highly successful diplomatic media campaign. One of the most effective ways in which this was demonstrated was the fashion in which the media was censored from critical warfronts (Kargil, Dras or Batalik sector) or from volatile surety information’s.Emotional and patriotic flavoured appeals were instrumented as catalysts by the government and military to mobilize the Media to the best of their media agenda. The revolution in information technology from radio as the media during Indo-Pakistani War of 1971to widespread digitization, enhanced channelled communication methodologies and airpower employment during the Kargil war, 1999, has become the journey through which appropriate lessons have been learnt and assimilated by the Military as well as the media to work hand-in hand for any crisis that occurs in the future.A joint engagement for study of security issues (posed by real time reporting by media personnel from the battlefield) was one of the significant post war actions that were taken up for mutual benefit. (Ajay K. Rai, 2004) Thus , best of technology and public relations management helped Kargil anchors manage the ‘ Media Spin’ effectively such that today, India as a diverse and integral nation would always utilize the power of Media both as a ‘ Force Multiplier’ to help root the Agenda setting as well as a ‘Weapon of War’.This has led to increased relevance and importance being laid down i n public discourses as well as central standards and protocols for masses to lay greater emphasis on the role of media in war. (HALI, 2000, August )Bibliography Ajai K. Rai, R. F. (n. d. ). Media at War: Issues and Limitations. http://www. idsa-india. org/an-dec-00-6. html . Ajay K. Rai, R. F. (2004). Military-Media Interface: Changing Paradigms New Challenges. IDSA . HALI, G. C. (2000, August ). The Role of Media in War. Defence Journal , http://www. defencejournal. com/2000/aug/role-media-war. htm. Kapila, D. S. (2009).THE ROLE OF INDIAN MEDIA IN PROXY WAR AND TERRORISM. IntelliBriefs . Maxwell E. McCombs, U. o. (1993). The Evolution of Agenda-Setting Research: Twenty-Five Years in the Marketplace of Ideas. Journal of Communicationn 43(2), Spring. 0021-9916/93 , 58-67. Tasneem. (2011, March). How media influenced Kargil. Merinews – Power to People , http://www. merinews. com/article/how-media-influenced-the-kargil-war/15844256. shtml. The Press – The press's many rol es. (n. d. ). Encyclopedia of the New American Nation , http://www. americanforeignrelations. com/O-W/The-Press-The-press-s-many-roles. html#b.

Discrimination Worksheet Essay

†¢ What is discrimination? How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? Discrimination is unfair treatment to different categories of people based on many things including race, religion, culture, orientation, and so on. Prejudice is, in my terms, judging someone without actually knowing anything about them. Stereotyping is very similar to prejudice but it is widely known groups that people are placed in like jock or nerd. Discrimination is different because you are acting on the hatred you have for people instead of just thinking about it. For example, it is the difference between thinking about killing someone and actually doing it. Discrimination is probably the most hurtful because you are being open about it to someone instead of thinking it to yourself. †¢ What are the causes of discrimination? Many things can cause discrimination. The main thing, I would say, is it is a learned behavior. This means these people who discriminate were probably raised to feel this way towards a certain group of people. What you learn growing up can stay with you for the rest of your life. Here you are a defenseless child who knows nothing but are told to hate a certain group of people, you are going to listen because you were raised to. Then, when you’re older, you will automatically discriminate against this group because you were told to. There is discrimination against people of other races because they have a different skin color which makes them â€Å"different.† There is discrimination against gay people because we don’t understand why they â€Å"choose† to be that way. These are just a couple examples of what causes discrimination. †¢ How is discrimination faced by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by another? How are they different? I think discrimination is faced by all groups the same in one way, they are all getting treated unfairly because of their race, ethnicity, religion, etc. I don’t think there is a single person in life, even a white male, who has not experienced some form of discrimination in their lifetime. However, other than that one fact, I think everyone faces discrimination differently. People of different races deal with being called a lot of names. Also, people with different religions get made fun of for what they believe. Women receive a lot of negativity when they try to move up in a company because â€Å"the man† is supposed to. Gay men and women are frequently told they are going to Hell and God doesn’t approve. The funny this is, most gay people I know believe in God and go to church regularly! Discrimination is faced by many different groups in very different ways.

Free Essays on Ashland Oil Inc.

Introduction In 1987 Ashland Oil, Inc. was the sixtieth largest company in the country with revenues exceeding $7 Billion; it was also the nation’s largest independent oil refiner. A significant portion of oil supplies came from the Middle East and Nigeria under contract. In order to reduce dependence on the volatile refining industry Ashland Oil, Inc diversified into other activities such as transportation of products, chemical marketing, coal etc. Refining continued to be a corporate leader however Ashland Petroleum Company captured 30% of sales in 1987. Catastrophe struck on January 2, 1988 when a 4 million gallon storage tank owned by Ashland Oil, Inc. split apart, collapsed and spilled diesel fuel in the surrounding area. The tank had formerly been at an Ohio location where it was dismantled and moved to the facility in Floreffe, Pennsylvania for reassembly. The spilled diesel fuel breached containment dikes ran through the adjacent property and ran into a storm drain that emptied into the nearby Monongahela River. The river within minutes washed the fuel over dam locks into the Ohio River contaminating drinking water affecting residents in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio. Vast areas of river ecosystems were contaminated destroying wildlife, causing damage to private property and adversely affecting businesses in the area. Over the next three days following the spill, nearly 200 people contributed to the clean-up efforts, including (AOI) employees; the Coast Guard, Gulf Coast emergency strike force, O.H. Materials Co. of Ohio, a professional hazardous material clean-up company hired by AOI, the Red Cross, and the Audubon Society. The following day at approximately 9:00 AM the CEO and Chairman of the board at AOI, John Hall, was informed of the spill. Hall knew immediately he had an environmental problem to contend with however, he felt the major logistical problems could be handled by AOI associates who were al... Free Essays on Ashland Oil Inc. Free Essays on Ashland Oil Inc. Introduction In 1987 Ashland Oil, Inc. was the sixtieth largest company in the country with revenues exceeding $7 Billion; it was also the nation’s largest independent oil refiner. A significant portion of oil supplies came from the Middle East and Nigeria under contract. In order to reduce dependence on the volatile refining industry Ashland Oil, Inc diversified into other activities such as transportation of products, chemical marketing, coal etc. Refining continued to be a corporate leader however Ashland Petroleum Company captured 30% of sales in 1987. Catastrophe struck on January 2, 1988 when a 4 million gallon storage tank owned by Ashland Oil, Inc. split apart, collapsed and spilled diesel fuel in the surrounding area. The tank had formerly been at an Ohio location where it was dismantled and moved to the facility in Floreffe, Pennsylvania for reassembly. The spilled diesel fuel breached containment dikes ran through the adjacent property and ran into a storm drain that emptied into the nearby Monongahela River. The river within minutes washed the fuel over dam locks into the Ohio River contaminating drinking water affecting residents in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio. Vast areas of river ecosystems were contaminated destroying wildlife, causing damage to private property and adversely affecting businesses in the area. Over the next three days following the spill, nearly 200 people contributed to the clean-up efforts, including (AOI) employees; the Coast Guard, Gulf Coast emergency strike force, O.H. Materials Co. of Ohio, a professional hazardous material clean-up company hired by AOI, the Red Cross, and the Audubon Society. The following day at approximately 9:00 AM the CEO and Chairman of the board at AOI, John Hall, was informed of the spill. Hall knew immediately he had an environmental problem to contend with however, he felt the major logistical problems could be handled by AOI associates who were al...

Writing an Economics Essay

Writing an Economics Essay Free Online Research Papers Writing an Economics Essay Any type of communication implies a sender, a medium and a receiver. The sender is the one who sends the message, the medium is the means by which the message is sent, and the receiver is the one who receives and interprets the message. Let us look at this and apply it to Economics examination conditions. The exam paper, which is given to you by the examiner right at the beginning, is a set of instructions to follow during that period of time. At this point the examiner is the sender, the exam paper, in our case, written in the English language is the medium, and you are the receiver. As the receiver you expect the paper to have clear instructions, e.g. duration of the exam, how many questions to answer and from which section, etc., as well as clearly written questions in good English. Although you are sitting for an Economics paper, your understanding of English must be good, for how will you know what is required of you unless you understand the language, or as we have called it, the medium? From this point onwards, the roles are reversed. It is you, the student, who now become the sender. You will now communicate with the examiner through the answers to the questions set. You will express yourself through the medium of English on the writing paper provided and the examiner now becomes the receiver. The more you keep in mind the process of communication, the better your chances of succeeding in your exam. Essay Writing in Economics In order to write a good essay, you must keep in mind two very important considerations. One is that you have to have good presentation skills and the other is that what you write is relevant to the question or questions asked. Let us first consider the point of good presentation. Put it this way, what do you think when someone scribbles something and you cannot understand for the life of you what the scribbling means? Don’t you think there is a communication problem? Good presentation therefore means that your handwriting must be legible. The problem may be greater than you think. It’s not good enough that you understand what you write; others must also understand it. If you want to test yourself, try looking at something that you wrote some time ago, and see whether you can still read what you wrote. Even for those with normally neat handwriting, examination pressure may cause their handwriting to deteriorate. It is very easy for the student to get carried away and neglect legibility in an exam, especially if time is running out after one or two essays. Compare the first essay with the last essay that you write! Good presentation also involves the layout of your paper. A wide margin at the side will make the paper appear neater. Official exam writing paper usually already has wide margins. Try not to cram words towards the right hand side of the paper, either. The layout of a paper can be much improved by a greater use of paragraphs. Instead of presenting a whole block of words and sentences, split it up into smaller paragraphs. Skip one line between one paragraph and another. It makes for neater presentation and makes reading the essay less tedious. This also keeps the examiner happy. He or she is a human being. Keep him or her on your side. Content The other very important consideration in writing an essay is content. Content refers to the actual material that you write down. Putting it simply, you must answer the question that you choose with the proper material and in the required manner. Answers must be relevant, that is they must show what you know about what is being asked of you, not all that you know about a subject or a topic. Read the question well, think about it, write down all the points that come into your mind on a rough sheet of paper, number these points in order of importance and develop the most relevant ones while discarding the least relevant points. Voila, that is your essay plan, as easy and as simple as that. In writing an essay, your problem should be more of what you are going to leave out, rather than of what you are going to write down! Essay Skills Two types of essays questions are set by examination boards in A Level Economics, including the Matsec Board. These are structured and unstructured essays, and there is an increasing tendency for the local Matsec Board to set structured ones. While structured questions are divided into two or more parts, unstructured questions consist of one question, sometimes two, with one leading to the other. An example of a structured question is: a. Explain what is meant by the natural rate of unemployment? (5 marks) b. Evaluate the effects of demand-side and supply-side policies on the natural rate of unemployment. (15 marks) An unstructured question may look like this: How far may the law of comparative cost advantage adequately explain the existence of trade? (20 marks) A structured question is more straightforward and the different questions should be answered separately. However, an unstructured question may also be broken down into smaller questions, and the above example may be written as: a. Explain the law of comparative cost advantage. ( 7 marks) b. Show whether the law of comparative cost advantage explains trade or are there other reasons for the existence of trade? (13 marks) Research Papers on Writing an Economics EssayStandardized TestingResearch Process Part OneMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesMind TravelAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHip-Hop is ArtBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and CanadaWhere Wild and West Meet

Parts of a Book How to Know if You Got Them Right

Parts of a Book How to Know if You Got Them Right Parts of a Book How to Know if You Got Them Right Putting together a book willy nilly wont get you the book sales youre looking for.You know what you want to write aboutWhat you dont know is which parts of a book are actually necessary in your book.And let me tell you, getting this wrong can make you look like a real amateur instead of a credible professional- which is what you actually want.Right?Knowing which parts of a book to include in yours and which dont make any sense starts with knowing what they are to begin with.These are the parts of a book well cover for you:Title pageCopyrightTable of contentsDedicationForewordPrologueEpilogueEpigraphIntroductionInciting incidentSections of a bookAct structureFirst slapSecond slapClimaxAcknowledgementsAuthor biographyComing soon / Read MoreBack cover or synopsis of a bookWhat are the parts of a book?Parts of a book make up the entirety of the book, including the title, introduction, body, conclusion, and back cover.In order to write a book book in full, you need to have all the moving parts to make it not only good but also effective.Without essential pieces, your book will appear unprofessional and worse: youll lose the credibility and authority writing a book is so useful for.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereParts of a Book You Need for SuccessIts not enough to just write and self-publish a book by throwing it up on Amazon or any other publishing site.You have to get the parts of your book right if you want it to sell more, get those 5-star reviews, and place you as an authority figure in your field. Heres how to do that. #1 Title PageFor obvious reasons, your title is importantBut thats not all thats important to your book. The title page is also necessary and without it, your book will be missing something crucial.Your title page serves as a means of not only declaring your title clearly, but also ensuring your name, subti tle, endorsement, and any other crucial information is present for your readers to view clearly.Heres an example of a great title page and what you can use to replicate your own:As you can see, the title page is really just the main title, any subtitle you may have, and the authors name as the bottom.Other than this being an industry standard for books, it helps to keep everything clear without the obstruction of any title images.#2 CopyrightYour book needs to be copyrighted. Unless youre okay with others stealing its content and reaping the rewards for themselves, that is.We have a great guide on what it takes to copyright a book right here for you to view, but here are some of the basics.Technically a book is copyrighted as you write it. But if you want it to be fully legal, you do have to pay to have it copyrighted.Your copyright content will change depending on the type of book youre writing.There are certain copyrights you cannot have exclusive rights to depending on what you cover in your book, which is usually impacted the most by what you write in a memoir and its legalityHeres an example of what a copyright section of a book may look like:#3 Table of ContentsThere are a lot of reasons to have a table of contents in your book. For one, it helps readers know where to find the information theyre really looking for.Secondly, this is highly useful in kindle or ebook versions of your book in order to help readers click and navigate without having to actually arrow over through the pages in order to get there.The happier the reader, the better the reviews they leave.What is a table of contents?A table of contents is a list of a books chapters or sections with the heading name and often the page number if there are no links inside.Heres an example of this part of a book:#4 DedicationThis is the part of a book that most of us write long before the actual book is finishedwe just tend to jot it down in our minds instead of on paper.Your book dedication is lik e your acceptance speech when given an award. Except your book is the award and therefore, you get to write this speech and place it where everyone can read it before even starting the book.This dedicated often comes after the title page and before the table of contents. Its a short few sentences thanking whomever helped you get to the point of writing the book or just people you want to acknowledge as thanks.This is an example what a dedication of your book may look like from our own Student Success Strategist Pedro Mattoss debut novel I Wish Everyone Was an Immigrant:#5 ForewordIf youre looking to increase your credibility, get a book endorsement by someone who knows you and your story well, then a foreword is what you want.What is a foreword?A foreword is an introduction to a book written by someone other than the author that lends credibility to the authors status to write the book.Think of a foreword as a sort of endorsement of the book. The person who writes it is usually an author themselves, though they can also just be a person of authority in the same or similar field.Above is an example of a foreword from The Go-Giver by Bob Burg.Forewords typically come after the table of contents and before the introduction or first chapter of the book.#6 PrologueFiction is where prologues live. Oftentimes, stories may need additional context before the actual story begins in order for the reader to make sense of it and elements within the book itself.What is a prologue?A prologue is a short chapter that usually takes place before the main story begins as a means of granting understanding to the reader. Its also used to increase intrigue and captivate readers.Not all books require prologues and in fact, if you can write your novel without it, thats actually preferred as many readers skip the prologue altogether.Below is an example of a prologue from the very popular Game of Thrones by George R.R. Martin.#7 EpilogueNot all book series get happily-ever-after endi ngs. When your book series ends but you want a way to let the readers know whats in store for the characters futures, an epilogue is a strong way to do that.What is an epilogue?An epilogue is a short chapter that comes after the last chapter of a book as a way to tie the story together in a conclusion.Essentially, the epilogue is the answer to the question, what happens to them next? This serves as a more satisfying way to let readers know that characters live happily ever after.Sometimes the ending of the story isnt satisfying enough for readers.That part of their story may end, but if your readers want a more in-depth look at their life after the story, thats when an epilogue would come into play to tie everything together.#8 EpigraphEpigraphs arent necessarily important, nor are they required. Oftentimes, these short snippets serve as a way to let readers know what lesson or subject will be covered in the chapter.What is an epigraph?An epigraph is a short question, quote, or eve n a poem at the beginning of a chapter meant to indicate the chapters theme or focus. This often ties the current work to predecessors with similar ideas and learnings.For example, below is an epigraph from The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey.#9 Book introductionMost nonfiction books include an introduction to the book- a chapter before your first chapter as a means to introduce yourself and your credibility or author on the subject matter to your readers.Your book introduction is extremely important for showing your readers why they should read the book and how youre the person to help them with whatever problem your book solves.One of the best ways to do this is to first establish the pain points your book helps to solve, and then make it clear how you, someone they dont know, can help with this issue.This usually involves some of your own backstory, but keep it specific to the problem at hand. Your readers dont need an entire rundown of your personal hist ory.#10 Inciting incidentIf youre writing fiction, you may have come across the term inciting incident before.What is an inciting incident?This is an early part of a book thats the point of no return for your characters. The inciting incident is what kicks your plot into full drive.Here are a couple examples of inciting incidents:Katniss volunteers to take her sisters place in The Hunger Games by Suzanne CollinsTobias enters the Tournament and gets accepted in The Saviors Champion by Jenna MoreciBella moves to Forks, where she meets Edward in biology class in Twilight by Stephanie MeyerBran gets pushed off the wall in Winterfell when he catches Jaime and Cersei Lannister together in Game of Thrones by George R.R. MartinThese are all points in the novel that the characters cannot come back from. In this instance, their lives are changed forever, which drive the plot forward.#11 Sections of a bookThis will mostly pertain to nonfiction authors, we well cover the fiction equivalent i n the next section.Some nonfiction books are written with different parts. These are usually separated into 3 parts that make up a greater whole in the book.For example, in the book Im currently writing, I break it up into 3 separate sections. Each part has its own focus and theme but they all work with one another to achieve a greater purpose.Heres an example of how the sections of my book work:Part 1 This part focuses on how your childhood impacts your adult behaviorsPart 2 This part aims to show readers how to move past their childhood and get control of their nowPart 3 This section moves beyond getting control and focuses on how readers can work toward building the future they both want and deserve despite their childhood traumasEach part of this book has a main focus and theme but when utilized together, they form a solution to a larger problem.#12 Act structureIn fiction, instead of creating separate sections like in the example above, you may split your work into differen t acts.Most commonly used is the three act structure.Although this isnt required of novels, its still quite popular to write a book with this structure, as it forms a cohesive order of events thats proven to be intriguing to readers.A popular example of this 3 act structure is in Sabaa Tahirs An Ember in the Ashes, featured below.#13 First slapIf youre familiar with our lingo around how to write a novel, or youre a student already, you may have heard of the first and second slap.These are pivotal points in your characters journey that further the plot and often make their efforts more difficult.The first slap is often the biggest setback for your character following the inciting incident.Here are some examples of what a first slap is in popular stories:Katniss entering the hunger games after trials and testsBella finding out Edward is a vampire in TwilightTobiass first challenge in the tournament in The Saviors Champion by Jenna MoreciAll of these have one thing in common: they mak e the lives harder for the characters.#14 Second slapLike the first slap, the second slap is a pivotal point in the novel where your character faces a downfall, most often after having a win or two under their belt since the first slap.The second slap needs to be placed shortly after your readers have gained hope in your characters ability to succeed in whatever their goal is.The idea behind this is to hook your readers again and let them know that it is not all smooth sailing for your characters throughout the rest of the book.Oftentimes, the second slap is worse than the first, where 90% of your characters hope in succeeding is lost and therefore, your readers will lose hope too. This makes them root for your character even more, increasing the amount they care for your character.#15 ClimaxWe all know the climax of the book is the most important part. Its where your character faces the biggest obstacle in achieving their goal in the book.Here are a few examples of climaxes in po pular books:Whenever Harry Potter comes face-to-face with Voldemort in the booksKatniss and Peeta are up against one more foe before winning the games in the first bookBella gets taken by James and Edward has to fight to save herThe climax is the last challenge before the ending, or resolution, of your book. It is the point of the highest tension and its where your character faces the worst odds- worse than the first and second slaps.#16 AcknowledgementsWe all have people in our lives to acknowledge for our success in writing a book.Much like the dedication, the acknowledgements are meant to recognize impactful people in our lives. These, unlike the dedication, typically come at the end of the book and can be written in longer, paragraph form as a pose to a short sentence for each.#17 Author bioNot all books contain an author bio in it, specifically fiction (unless its a hardback copy).Nonfiction, however, is a type where the author bio can be at the bottom of the back page of you r book, beneath the back cover synopsis.Heres an example of an author bio for Omer Dylan Reddens Life Doc.Your author bio doesnt have to be very long. Keep it short and simple while still showing your readers your credibility in what your book covers.#18 Coming soon / Read moreThis part of a book might not matter to you unless you have a book series or multiple books to your name.The coming soon and read more pages are used to help your readers purchase and read more of your books.This section of a book often comes at the very end, after your epilogue and acknowledgments. Its a single page with the cover images of your other book/s, their titles, and links for your ebook copy.This not only makes it easier for your readers to buy the next book, but its also a great way to sell more books overall.#19 Back cover or synopsis of a bookI saved the best (and most important) for last. The back cover, also known as the synopsis of your book, is by far the most critical for getting people t o buy.Without a good synopsis to hook readers and buy them into your book, you wont sell.These are crucial for both fiction and nonfiction.With your fiction synopsis, you want to create intrigue and show your readers that theyll get a good story. The trick is doing this with a few short paragraphs.Heres an example of a fiction synopsis that works, from Jenna Morecis The Saviors Champion: Heres a nonfiction example of the back cover from Lisa Zelenaks Find Your Thing:As you can see, these look very different, though they serve the same purpose. The back of your book is the first thing someone reads in order to decide if they want to buy your book.Make it concise, convincing, and show them the value theyll get from reading it- be that an entertaining read or a solution to their problem.Start Your Book TODAYIf you want to start your book and make it stand out against the millions already out there, we have what you needA free training to help you get started

Ethic in social work and nursing....managerialism Essay

Ethic in social work and nursing....managerialism - Essay Example Upon inspecting the patient’s house, the social worker discovered that the house is not fit to live in due to the presence of faeces, urine dirty clothes and waste materials all over the floor. As an end result, the house was full of mice, rats and insects that could negatively affect the patient’s physical health. The social workers did not consider paying the patient’s house cleaning expenses as an option. Therefore, the hospital paid for his bed occupancy, food and washing to keep the man healthy until someone made the cleaning arrangements in the patient’s house. For this study, the researcher will discuss the health and social care workers’ ethical and professional dilemmas behind the case of the 65-year old patient in relation to the anti-discriminatory practices. Upon exploring the health professional ethics in the light of the organizational legal and social contexts, the researcher will discuss the proper health care management on how the case of the 65-year old patient should be addressed. In the process, the researcher will provide some case-based illustrations as part of demonstrating the researcher’s personal understanding and informed judgement over the professional ethical dilemmas. As part of UK’s health practice, the health and social care workers are required not to discriminate their patients for any reasons. (Brayne & Carr, 2005) In line with this matter, health and social care workers should equally practice the law of beneficence to all patients in the sense that all health and social care workers are required to do only good actions that may contribute positive effects to the overall welfare of the patients. (Mental Health Act, 2005; DOH, 2001b ) The social care workers in the case of the 65-year old patient did practice the law of beneficence since they have decided on what is the best way to promote the health condition of the old patient. Aside from the need to abide with the law of confidentiality (Mental

MKT301 MOD 3 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MKT301 MOD 3 CA - Essay Example Based on the fact that, promotion is an essential in the development of a marketing plan, this consists of a marketing mix. Market mix is a phenomenon developed by Jerome where he outlined the four classifications which are positively correlated. In this mix, the success of any products depends on the four classifications that are; promotion, product, place and price. Every element in this mix is equally important as the other; thus there is a need to implement a promotion strategy so to increase the sales of the product (Ferrell and Hartline 52). In this scenario, we select pepper spray and a holiday in beach resort as the product and black women aged between 18 and 30 years and gay women as the target market. In this paper, we will discuss the appropriate strategy the concerned firms can implement so as to increase sales at the outlined target market. In addition, this paper will compare and contrast the promotional discussed outlining similarity and differences. About seventy percent of black women reside in areas which are considered to have high levels of insecurity; therefore, they usually demand personal security products thus offering pepper spray will be of great benefits. In the case of pepper spray, the most appropriate promotion mix would be to showcase the exclusiveness of pepper spray as the personal security product. Therefore in this case messaging or rather a slogan will be effective in reinforcing the benefit that pepper spray offers to the customers. The slogan should be designed such that it also helps the company in the process of developing an effective positioning strategy. Another possible strategy is through personal selling; in this case, the promotion is conducted where the product is sold one to one. Through personal selling, the seller or the manufacture has a chance to offer additional information to the customer or even to potential consumers of the product, thus

Provide Information about Shadowing Experience of a Nurse Practitioner Essay

Provide Information about Shadowing Experience of a Nurse Practitioner in a Primary Care Physician Office - Essay Example This paper will explain the shadowing experience of a nurse practitioner in a primary care physician’s office. The care provided by nurse practitioners significantly varies from one country to another. The Pearson Report contains all the duties that are supposed to be performed by nurse practitioners. Further analysis also proves that nurse practitioners can perform several duties in different institutions including health centers, nursing homes, unique clinics and learning institutions (Buppert, 2003). Furthermore, nurse practitioners are licensed after completing the practitioner’s program. Advancements in the discipline of nursing began in the mid-20th century. Research asserts that most of the changes in the field of nursing were implemented in this era. The office of primary care was set up in order to improve the accessibility, availability and value of care to individuals of a certain area. The primary care offices are liable for supplying primary care providers in various countries. In most states, the primary care unit has established a work plan that is designed to augment the supply of primary care physicians in order to meet the health care requirements. This work plan also entails the training programs which are employed in primary care, the primary care shadowing program and elective chances in primary care. The work plan also deals with the development of incentives for primary care. Such incentives include increasing the salaries of the primary care specialists and loan repayment factors (Buppert, 2003). Most health care companies prefer nurse practitioners who have significant physician assistant shadowing. Most health care experts usually undergo a shadowing experience which involves primary care. According to statistics in different countries, majority of patients originate from low and middle income populations. For example, in South Africa, most of the patients originate from the middle-class individuals; therefore, the primar y care centers in such regions employ many health care professionals (Buppert, 2003). In the past, health care students mostly participated in various projects, which were considered as voluntary actions (Buppert, 2003). These projects were executed because the profession of nursing practitioners is regulated by the country. In the recent past, it was reported that there is a shortage of primary care physicians in most of the health centers globally. In fact, most individuals developed the idea of substituting the primary care providers with nurse practitioners. To some extent, the nurses are able to act as substitutes for primary care providers since, they are quite learned. The primary care givers are responsible for the provision of several functions in health care. Some of the tasks performed by the primary care givers include; accessing the medical needs of the patients and comprehensive care of patients. Primary care physicians account to around 50% of the annual office visits that are made by physicians (Wexler, 2010). In fact, the primary care physicians are the only individuals who are able to provide proper health care that addresses a majority of the patients. This form of care has substantially yielded sustained partnership within community members and patients. Utilization of the primary care services has also reduced mortality and morbidity rates. These factors prove that primary care serv

Journal for American History Seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal for American History Seminar - Essay Example Mary chestnut’s â€Å"civil war† gives a profoundly annotated picture at the political and social atmosphere in South Carolina from 1861-1866. One of the most interesting bits about this book is brought by the personal commentary of Mary Chestnut and her observations on what was being said on the Medias on daily basis. The many nuggets of observations make this book interesting and worth reading. Mary Chestnut was a prominent politician’s wife and she had communication and contact with numerous renowned politicians during those times. In addition, Mr. Woodward’s wide-ranging annotations assist the contemporary day scholar to seize literary allusions and disparities in language made by Mary Chestnut. This also aids in the determination of all personalities she engrosses in her observations. As one reads through this book, he or she can observe how Mrs. Chestnut puts efforts to be more purposeful than prejudiced and takes her narratives as a possible signifi cant aspect of history in the future. This gives the reader an immense sense of an authentic person; a person who depicts hopes one day and despairs the next day. Marry Chestnut, as depicted in her book â€Å"Mary Chestnut’s Civil War†, may be regarded as a pseudo, and it is only through her opinions, news, gossip and personal tasks that she came up with the wide-ranging everyday account of life in the confederation that is used by the contemporary readers. Reading through this manuscript is similar to going back to history and having an everyday coffee and gossip session with the author. Though the book is presented more as a diary and a later overhaul of earlier narratives, Chestnut makes everything look like a first-hand dialogue. The book reveals that she loved tittle-tattle and flourished on consideration, where she had a seat in the front at all functions during this period. For instance, Chester notes â€Å"Robert E. Lee is regarded as a traitor by numerous ind ividuals after his military defeats†1. On Gen. Joe Johnston, Chestnut asserts â€Å"Being such a good hater, it is a pity he had not elected to hate somebody else than the president of our country†2. As a distinct and an interesting feature, Chestnut makes what happened in the past appear instant. Chestnut’s accounts on the preliminary jubilation of southern sovereignty and then the realism of adversity are poignant, even to anyone who would not empathize with her ideals. Mary Chestnut interestingly brings out the point of death in the society. During periods of war, it is anticipated that the people to die most are the soldiers, the men in the society, and children and women. In this book, shows that it is not only men who die at war but women and children who are subjected to adverse living conditions. Such endurances brought death upon the women and children, leaving everyone susceptible to death. In addition, this period was characterized by tribulations whic h would keep anyone off writing. It is interesting how, amid the troubles that she and her husband went through, she could still write. During this war, everything was crashing down around her and her husband, deaths around them, food scarcity, loss of lifestyle and culture, money shortages and lack of decent clothes to wear. She shows their tribulation when she indicates â€Å"the weight that hangs upon our eyelids is of lead†

Business law (Qatar) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business law (Qatar) - Essay Example Qatar is regarded as one of those wealthy countries in the world along with greatest mounting economies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). It is worth mentioning that Qatar has introduced and developed trademark law for gaining help in conducting a business efficiently in varied domestic regions (Government of the State of Qatar, 2015). According to Qatar law, infringement is deemed to be regarded as one of the crucial issues. Thus, to prevent infringement in Qatar, domestic companies can register their trademarks according to industrial design governing the trademark, which came into effect after the year 2002. Companies are ought to commercially register for trademark law to get qualified for the respective services. Besides, any company in Qatar can use this trademark registration for ten years (WIPO, 2006). The various forms of trademark can be clearly understood from the following tabular representation: According to Qatar Trademark Law no. 3/1978, the Qatari official regulates the defense of trade as well as industrial marks. There lay certain specific processes or steps for registering the trademark for any company in Qatar (Government of the State of Qatar, 2015). According to the article 9 to 12, the processes of registering trademark have been discussed in detail below. Under the trademark law in Qatar, an owner of trademark can resort to civil remedies, if any case of infringement made by third party. Then, only the owner can forward this process along with filing a lawsuit before the court of civil jurisdiction (Simmons & Simmons, 2013). The respective government of Qatar is planning to adopt an effecting law to combat phishing as well as cyber-squatting, but this plan of the government is still waiting for the approval of higher authority of ministry. In relation to this consequence, cases related to online transactions as

The economies of two neighbouring states Assignment

The economies of two neighbouring states - Assignment Example While the southern part of this island formed a separate republic called the Republic of Ireland, the Great Britain took hold of the Northern part and 18 provinces are under it. While Northern Ireland forms a part of the United Kingdom, the Southern part enjoys independent and separate governance. Both Ireland and Northern Ireland form an island and this is covered with green surroundings. Ireland is called the Emerald Island because of its greenery and so tourism is one of the major inputs for their economy. The economy of Ireland has transformed in the recent years from agrarian to technology based service industries. Moreover, the trade and investments in the country have made it one of the wealthiest countries in the European Union. Similarly, the economic growth of this country of the period from1995 to 2000 has brought them the name ‘Celtic Tigers’. On the other hand, the economy of Northern Ireland is the smallest in the subordinate states of U K. However, just like the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland also attracts many by its green surroundings and so tourism contributes heavily to the economy of the nation. Northern Ireland is a very deep rooted industrialized country and one can notice that industrialization flourished here even before it took its root at the Republic of Ireland. The nation had such industries like ship building, textiles and rope manufacturing. However, recently many heavy industries were replaced by services as in the case of The Republic of Ireland. But it is amazing that Northern Ireland has greater GDP than that of the neighbouring states like East England and Wales. Tourism plays a vital role in bringing up the economy of the Northern Ireland. Around 70% of economic output and covering 78% of employees fall in the service industry. It is also worthwhile to consider how the recent economic recession has adversely affected the economy of both the states. While there was a considerable

Business law (Qatar) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business law (Qatar) - Essay Example Qatar is regarded as one of those wealthy countries in the world along with greatest mounting economies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). It is worth mentioning that Qatar has introduced and developed trademark law for gaining help in conducting a business efficiently in varied domestic regions (Government of the State of Qatar, 2015). According to Qatar law, infringement is deemed to be regarded as one of the crucial issues. Thus, to prevent infringement in Qatar, domestic companies can register their trademarks according to industrial design governing the trademark, which came into effect after the year 2002. Companies are ought to commercially register for trademark law to get qualified for the respective services. Besides, any company in Qatar can use this trademark registration for ten years (WIPO, 2006). The various forms of trademark can be clearly understood from the following tabular representation: According to Qatar Trademark Law no. 3/1978, the Qatari official regulates the defense of trade as well as industrial marks. There lay certain specific processes or steps for registering the trademark for any company in Qatar (Government of the State of Qatar, 2015). According to the article 9 to 12, the processes of registering trademark have been discussed in detail below. Under the trademark law in Qatar, an owner of trademark can resort to civil remedies, if any case of infringement made by third party. Then, only the owner can forward this process along with filing a lawsuit before the court of civil jurisdiction (Simmons & Simmons, 2013). The respective government of Qatar is planning to adopt an effecting law to combat phishing as well as cyber-squatting, but this plan of the government is still waiting for the approval of higher authority of ministry. In relation to this consequence, cases related to online transactions as

Geography is no longer relevant in the context of a homogenising world Essay

Geography is no longer relevant in the context of a homogenising world Discuss - Essay Example However, Dicken (2011: p41) notes that nation-state borders continue to dominate global relations with nations continuing to enforce state-boundaries, sometimes using violence to do so. Moreover, challenges in overcoming economic and technological barriers continue to shape how different populations separated by geographical location access healthcare and education for example. Therefore, although the relevance of geography seems to have been greatly diminished as a result of a homogenising world, this paper will argue that how people live is still significantly influenced by geographical factors. Aiello and Pauwels (2014: p280) support the concept of an increasingly homogenised world, noting that global flows and exchanges of capitals, services, goods, transfer of technology and human movements have resulted in a more unique and standardized world culture as acculturation leads to a universal culture. In this case, increased interconnectivity between cultures and countries contributes to the formation of a more homogenous culture with the adoption of a more Euro-American lifestyle and social organization model. Modern communications have played a fundamental role in homogenisation as the internet enables people to read about information on foreign nations as they would about their own locality. People all over the world are now exposed to the same news every day, leading to a homogenisation of ideas and perspectives. Increased international travel has greatly influenced homogenisation as well, with people from South East Asia, for example, travelling to Europe and North Amer ica to find jobs. Moreover, increased tourist flows, specifically from developed countries, have encouraged hospitality industries across the world to provide typical Euro-American services, contributing to a more homogenous global community (Aiello & Pauwels, 2014: p281). Popular culture has also

Performance Measurement Paper Essay Example for Free

Performance Measurement Paper Essay In the world of business there are many cliche’s about how performance measurements are implemented and what they actually do such as â€Å"if your company doesn’t measure results then you can’t tell success from failure. † http://www. balancedscorecard. org/Home/tabid/36/Default. aspx The key focus on strategic objectives should always articulate precisely what the organization wants to accomplish which is the key to finding accurate, true, strategic measurements. The strategic performance measures will allow the organization to monitor the implementation and effectiveness of the operational efficiency. The best performance measures will provide a way to monitor and see if that strategy is actually working. Focusing on the importance of the employee’s contribution to the success of the organization is another important measure that can be added along with providing a common language for the communication of everyone. Performance measurement is so vital in the structure of an organization because it is an ongoing and constant reporting and monitoring of accomplishments. Typically the program is implemented by agency management. The different program activities are measured by this system as well. A program may be considered any project, activity, or function that has a set of objectives. The three types in which will be compared and contrasted begins with the output type of performance measures which indicates a specific workload that is processed throughout a period of time. The next type of performance type of selection is the efficiency type, which indicates the different ratio’s of the resources to work the product. The resources of this particular type are primarily considered budget dollars. The final performance measurement type that will be under contrast is the outcome type which tells the results over a period of time from work which was performed by the organization in order to benefit the people receiving the service. (EOM) or enterprise output management is a practice used in information technology dealing with the organization of data that is created for banking systems, insurance database systems, customer relationship management, as well as many others. Output distributed management is defined as middle ware that threatens to drive out the process originally supported in order to implement an auto mated one. EOM output managment could potentially reduce the cost of traditional printing because it uses digital output channel such as fax and email. The potential of this is depends on how the concept is adopted by the targeted customer group. Management information systems allow organizations to get right people the correct information at a timely and efficient manner. The efficiency type of performance management works by pulling together information. Therefore improving the products and expanding the customer base at the same time. A manger with a good management information system can eliminate redundant miscues that waste time and may instead focus on what actually works for the betterment of the organization. If an MIS is added into the equation then the amount of time saving that will benefit the organization will be tremendous because there is more time being focused on the specific task at hand. The computer program can collect data from employees much faster than the alternative time consuming method of not taking advantage of the technology. The over-all term performance management is defined as the output of employees and groups individually. The employees may be divided into groups and departments within the organization as a whole. Therefore the performances can be evaluated much more effectively by knowing what everyone’s production levels are and by gathering this information will definitely help to improve the quality of production in the organization which will lead to good things for everyone. In order for the performance management procedures to be put in place and do the job that they are needed to do there should be a performance definition done as soon as humanly possible because this knowledge will help drive the rest of the tasking in sequence for what needs to be done for the organization.

Frankenstein Essay -- Literary Analysis, Mary Shelley

Organic: A Very Lucid Concept Will it ever be possible for a machine to be an organic being? It is an interesting question and one that is addressed in Frankstein by Merry Shelly, RUR by Karel Capek and The Defecating Duck by Jessica Riskin. These three texts provide insight into what makes a creature an organic being. From these readings one may construe that the duck in The Defecating Duck, along with the robots at the beginning of RUR cannot be considered organic beings, while the monster in Frankstein and the robots at the end of RUR can. An organic robot is an oxymoron; a robot does not have the chemical capability to be considered biologically organic. Although a chemical process was alluded to in both it Frankstein and RUR, it was very brief, a short paragraph in each case, and did not give enough information to be able to classify either as an organic being. However, there is a definition of organic that can be applied to prove that robots have the capability to be organic,â€Å"[10th definition of organic] something as having a growth and development analogous to that of living organisms† (Merriam Webster Dictionary). In other words, to be considered organic one must have the ability and desire to live. To long for a companion shows that one has a desire to connect with someone in their life, and therefore proves that person has a longing to be apart of the world. The monster in Frankstein has a desire to find a person he can connect with, and ends up going on a journey to find one. This journey begins with the monster observing and eventually falling in love with a farm family. â€Å"I formed in my imagination pictures of presenting myself to them†¦I imagined that they would be disgusted, until, by my gentle demeanor and con... ...ple. They are mechanically more perfect than we are†¦ but they have no soul† (Capek, 9). This quote by Domin explains to Helena how robots are not human but just workers. Domin further expresses this point by saying that. â€Å"Everything will be done by living machines. People will do only what they enjoy† (Capek, 21). These robots, for the time being, are complicit with their place and show no desire to live. The robots, and duck fail to show a desire to live and therefore cannot be considered organic beings. The robots from the end of RUR and the monster in Frankstein, unlike the robots at the beginning of RUR and the duck in the Defecating Duck, can be called organic beings because of their desire to live. These three texts brought up interesting points to a confounding question of organic robots. Making one believe that only time will be able to solve this riddle.

Kent State University Incident: The End of the Innocence :: essays papers

Kent State University Incident: The End of the Innocence After a long period of fighting a defensive war in Vietnam, on April 29, 1970, President Richard Nixon launched a full scale attack in Cambodia, which greatly accelerated America ¹s involvment in this conflict. The reaction from the American college student population was one that led into great controversy and heated debates. When Nixon announced his decision on the following day, many people were upset, and thousands of people protested. The end result of one particular protest was bloody, and a perfect example of what terrible shape our country was in during that period of time (Guard Fired in Self Defense). Thoughtless mistakes such as the ones made on that day will often have a snowball affect that lead into problems for all persons envolved. On May 3, 1970 students of Kent State University rallied to protest Nixon ¹s announcement. There was violent protesting all through the night. Windows were broken, cars were destroyed, and the ROTC building was burned to the ground. When the firemen arrived, their hoses were taken by students and used aganist them. At that point Governor James Rhodes called for the National Guard to come in and protect the campus(Four Deaths at Noon). The following day Kent State University was under the  ³protection ² of the Ohio National Guard. Around noon on that day, students fromed in protest. They were told to disperse, but refused. The first action of the National Guard was to release tear-gas grenades upon the masses of students (Guard Fired in Self Defense). These grenades were marginally suscessful, and only caused a temporary retreat. The students then responded by throwing concrerte, rocks, and everything else they could find. This was the first of a group of poor decisions that led to the bloody disaster of May 4, 1972 and all of the other problems associated with the disaster (Kent State Continued). From a distance of about sixty feet from the crowd of students, a member of the National Guard believed that he heard sniper fire. In response to these alleged shots, he opened fire on the students with his M1 .30-06 caliber rifle. He was immediately backed up by several of the men in his squad, all of whome were shooting the same rifle except for one man who shot a military issue Colt .45. When the smoke had cleared, ther had been about thirty-five shots fired, and four of

Faulkner’s Religious Views in a Rose for Emily Essay

Introduction A. General words about William Faulkner and his A Rose for Emily B. The definition of gothic fiction C. The development of gothic fiction in modern time II. The gothic characteristics in A Rose for Emily A. The topic is mainly about murder, dead, violence and necrophilia, which is the â€Å"gothic topic† B. The character of Emily is stubborn, eccentric and mysterious, who is involved in â€Å"gothic form† C. The description of environment adopts the typical â€Å"gothic style† D. The flashback in A Rose for Emily expresses the mysterious atmosphere III. Conclusion: The perfect combination of the gothic form with realistic content in A Rose for Emily Abstract: This paper discusses the creative purpose of A Rose for Emily on the angle of the traditional gothic elements of European and American literature. It points out that William Faulkner uses the gothic characteristics in many aspects, such as topic, hero, environment and plot, etc. Meanwhile, he fills it with fresh air, symbolic meaning and his own emotion. All of these make A Rose for Emily rise at a perfect peak—the combination of gothic form and realistic content, so that the short storyis not only superior to the traditional â€Å"Black Romanticism†, but superior to the â€Å"Realism† in Victoria Age. Key words: William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily, gothic characteristics. I. Introduction A. General words about William Faulkner and his A Rose for Emily William Faulkner is one of the most distinguish writer in American literature. He was born in the South, and he wrote people, background and cases in the South. As the appearance of Faulkner, the South appeared the literary glories of â€Å"the South Renaissance†, which ever was called â€Å"the literary desert. â€Å"(Yu Jianhua, 2004: 460) Maybe there is never an American writer such as Faulkner who catches so many eyes of professors and critics. Even his short story, A Rose for Emily, some writers have discussed and explored it in many ways. However, this essay tries to discuss Faulkner’s creative purpose in the gothic style, which had a great influence on European and American literature. And it is to discover something new to give the reader enlightenment and thinking. B. The definition of gothic fiction The word â€Å"Goth† came from the name of a Germanic trap. The gothic people were famous for their brutal and uncivilized qualities. They ever lived in north Europe , then invaded in Rome Empire around the third AD century to the fifth AD century, and set many kingdoms in Italy, Spain, south part of France and north Africa. A thousand years later, after the Rome Empire died out, Italian Vasari (1511–1574) used the â€Å"Goth† for the first time to refer to an architectural style in middle age, which was â€Å"tall sharp pointed, vaulted roof or tower ,narrow windows, colorful glass, darkness houses, gloomy ladders. â€Å"(Xiao Minghan, 2001: 9) The so-called â€Å"Gothic Revival† appeared in aspects of architecture and literature during eighteenth century to nineteenth century, which was the gloomy and depressed tone in middle age. Meanwhile, some literary works enjoyed the same tone with â€Å"Gothic fiction† in the time. Take Horace Walpole for example, his â€Å"The Castle of Otranto† set an example for early classic gothic fiction. The birth of â€Å"Gothic fiction† is not only related with the â€Å"Gothic feeling† of the cemetery poetry of England, but related with the â€Å"Gothic style† aesthetic standard of Edmund Burke (1729–1797) as well. C. The development of gothic fiction in modern time The gothic style became prevail and spread quickly from England to the whole Europe and the U. S in the eighteenth century. And it had a great influence on American literature to some certain extent. Charles Brown (1771–1810), the most famous American representative in this field, vividly portrayed the terrified psychology of his hero in a gloomy tone and mysterious environment. II. The gothic characteristics in A Rose for Emily Faulkner lived in the South for a life long, and the field of south fertilized him and shaped his character. â€Å"Therefore, his habit, thinking way and life attitude closely related with this unfortunate field. â€Å"(Jay Parinier, 1989:2031) As the representative of the American traditional thinking,† the most important and unconscious content† had deeply precipitated in the deep of his heart. That is why he showed his love to his hometown in such an unusual way–exposed the faults and gloomy aspects of the South. Maybe gothic characteristic in A Rose for Emily is the best way to express his emotion. A. The topic is mainly about murder, death, violence and necrophilia, which is the â€Å"gothic fiction† First of all, the topic is mainly about murder, death, violence and necrophilia. It â€Å"vividly pictures a terrified story of an old virgin. Emily is the last member of the Grierson. She is a slim and gentle lady, but she almost loses her beauty when she appears again in her 30’s, â€Å"She looks bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. â€Å"(para6) She dies in her 74 years old finally. â€Å"Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town. â€Å"( para3) As long as Emily is dead, all the proud and dignity of gentle lady is dead out. Even in order to give her a hand, the premayor Colonel Sartoris only uses an excuse to avoid hurting her. Emily has been separated from the outside for nearly forty years after her father’s death and after the missing of her fiance. â€Å"Daily, monthly, yearly we watched the Negro grow grayer and more stooped, going in and out with the market basket. â€Å"(para33) Sometimes, people could see her through the window, only find her â€Å"like the carven torso of an idol in a niche†. (para33) It is until the end of her funeral that the people discover the secret which they find Homer’s skeleton in a locked room. Obviously, the gentle lady deliberately performs and covers a murder. Critics regard that Emily retaliates by killing the north man with poison because he refuses to marry her. However, on another angle, Emily is too empty to comfort herself. In order to make a man accompany with her, she has no choice but kills him–in the way, she can stay with him forever. But this â€Å"gain† just is the forever â€Å"lost†. The moment she kills him, she is dead in spirit. The grief, desolation and sadness fill in her inner heart forever. Emily can not stand the fact that a south lady courts a north worker but fails. It is a perfect satire under the history condition in that time. Even like this, she still â€Å"carried her head high enough–even when we believed that she was fallen. † (para21) In a word, the topic of A Rose for Emily is the â€Å"Gothic topic†, which describes about murder and dead. B. The character of Emily is stubborn, eccentric and mysterious, who is involved in â€Å"gothic form† The character of Emily is involved in â€Å"Gothic form†. She is stubborn, eccentric and mysterious. She has been isolated from the outside world for forty-year since her father is dead and Homer’s missing. Her door remains closed all the year round and refuses all the visitors. Actually, she is an unrealistic stubborn woman. She does not want to dispose of her father’s body, and â€Å"She told them that her father was not dead. † (para15) Despite the law, she refuses to pay the taxes and repeats that â€Å"I have no taxes in Jefferson. â€Å"(para8) Moreover, she asks the officials to get explanation from Colonel Sartoris, who ever remit her taxes. It seems that she dose not know Colonel Sartoris was dead before ten years. † It can be believed that her refusal to pay the taxes symbolizes the refusal to accept the changed society to some extent. â€Å"(Zhu Zhenwu, 2003:34) She takes pain to keep her superior, dignity and the southern fair lady impression. Emily is a typical example of the dead south. † The failure of the Civil War brought corruption and decline to the South, which was very obvious in economy and politics. â€Å"(Zhang Kuiwu, 2002:74) However, it is imperceptible in moral and psychology. The South originally had their own unique economic form, cultural style, life way and moral standard, even their own language. All of these elements â€Å"easily stimulated the southerner rise a feeling of the nostalgia, which had solidified for the failure of the South in the Civil War. â€Å"(Yu Jianhua, 2004: 460) Therefore, the war led to a strange contradictory phenomenon: the old South â€Å"die† as long as the failure of the war, but it more obstinately â€Å"survive† than any other times. The South â€Å"died† in society and economy, but it is still â€Å"alive† in the culture and mental. Pitiable Emily is solidified by time. She falls into the past glories and honors of the South, but can not be brave enough to face the real life. Faulkner vividly pictures the southerners’ subtle, complicated and contradictory psychology through Emily. Emily only is the epitome of the southern declining aristocracies. As the famous critic Malcolm Cloy says â€Å"The southern people lived under so heavy pressure that they almost lost their rational behavior, but responded mechanically. â€Å"(Yu Jianhua, 2004: 460) Thus, they broke out some uncontrollable violence and unreasonable behaviors occasionally. On the other hand, they tightly clung on the luxury and glories in the past to escape the reality, which seems extremely unrealistic and ridiculous. In this way, Faulkner criticizes the southerners who live in a new time but keep outdated mind. And this distorted psychology is exactly the spiritual essence of the collapsing old south. Standing on a new angle, Faulkner re-examines closely and explains all of these, and sympathizes the southerners’ thinking way and moral standard. C. The description of environment adopts the typical â€Å"gothic style† Besides the topic and â€Å"character are the gothic elements, the description of environment in A Rose for Emily adopts the typical â€Å"Gothic style†. Emily’s house and both inside and outside environment are gothic ones. Emily’s house is a special style building made of wood. When her parents are alive, the house is noble style, which â€Å"had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the Seventies. â€Å"(para2) As the time passes, however, the house still keeps its outdated style and â€Å"lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay. â€Å"(para2) We could feel an incompatible atmosphere with the age. Several years later, the deputation has a chance to go into Emily’s house for the first time. They went into â€Å"a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow. † (para5) Moreover, there was â€Å"a dust and disuse–a close, dank smell†(para5) in the air. The parlor was â€Å"furnished in heavy, leather–covered furniture. â€Å"(para5) Faulkner describes a dim and mysterious picture for us. It was really shocking what the town people see in Emily’s base room. â€Å"A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as a bridal. â€Å"(para39) Homer’s skeleton â€Å"had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace. â€Å"(para40) The second pillow which in the same bed was the indentation of a head. It is clearly that it was Emily’s â€Å"long strand of iron–gray hair. † (para41) Homer had been missed for forty years, and Emily had been slept with his skeleton for forty years. A sepulchral atmosphere spreads the air. It is shocking and absolutely terrified. But it is not Faulkner who originally adds the terror element in fiction; it is the traditional style of â€Å"gothic fiction. † Faulkner not only uses this style in A Rose for Emily, but exaggerates several details such as murder, violence, etc. D. The flashback in A Rose for Emily expresses the mysterious atmosphere Last but not least, Faulkner deliberately sets a flashback form to tell the story. At the beginning, Emily is dead at her seventy–six years old. The whole town went to her funeral for different purposes: the men have a respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women curious to see her inner house. Who is Emily? What kind of person is she? Faulkner immediately catches readers’ interest to read on. She once was beautiful and slim, but her father drove all the men who pursue her. Only after her father died, she could date with a Northerner. Unfortunately, she could not marry with him, which hurt her so deeply that she had to keep herself far from the world from then on. However, the ending is out of expectation. She was shrewd and unscrupulous. She secretly murdered her fiance by rat poison, and kept his body in her bed and slept with him for forty years. It is really tricky and surprising. The ending may be unreasonable to some extent, but it really shows Faulkner’s creativity. He adopts the flashback to add much profound meaning to the short story, which is superior to the normal narrative way of the general fictions. Actually, many signs and symbols in the story indicate that the ending is like this. Emily is a cruel murderer, she kills her fiance. But it is necessary to clasp the essence through the appearance. In Emily’s age, men had absolutely power to control women. It can be believed that it is Emily’s father who indirectly destroys her whole life to some certain extent. She is forced to kill her fiance to pursue her happiness. As the critics remark that â€Å"villain–hero in rational gothic fiction is murderer as well as victim. â€Å"(Pu Ruoqian, 2001: 47) The â€Å"villain–hero† is not the original crime. The real crime is the distorted humanity, which is formed by the hierarchy rule and moral standard. III. Conclusion All the gothic elements in A Rose for Emily present a perfect gothic fiction. However, Faulkner is not completely imitate the gothic tradition, he uses a clever method to perform a story of his own age. He is fond of gothic style which is the main literary style in Victoria time, may be because he thinks the gothic style accords with the environment of decline of the south. Besides this, he fills with the realistic content and his own emotion to the gothic style. Gothic style once was regarded as â€Å"Black Romanticism†, but Faulkner combines it with realism. Furthermore, Faulkner pours the fierce emotion and fresh air into the old form, which makes A Rose for Emily superior to the gothic fiction and the literary main stream in Victoria time. The background of A Rose for Emily is in the age when Faulkner lived, which is a new form and different from the gothic tradition, and apparently helpful to express the realistic meaning of the work. From what has been discussed, we know the gothic style was not popular in Faulkner’s time. However, A Rose for Emily exposes the real psychology of the southerner, and accepts some irrational aspects of human’s deep heart, which widens the extent of realism and the influence to human. From this, A Rose for Emily can stand out from any other American fiction forms of the time. Faulkner benefits a lot from the gothic tradition, which he improves and thus is superior at the same time. References Jay Pariniet, The Norton Anthology of American Literary, (p2031). New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1989. , , : , 2002. , , , 2001/1. , , , 2001/3. , , : , 2004. , ? (P74–82), : ,2002. , : , , 2003/4.